1. verywellhealth.com The mediastinum is the area in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, part of the windpipe (the trachea), the esophagus, and the great vessels including the ascending aorta (the large artery which carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart on its way to the rest of the body) and right and left pulmonary arteries—essentially all of the organs in the chest except the lungs. It is also home to many lymph nodes and nerves. The word mediastinum is translated as "midway" in Latin, in reference to the middle part of the chest.
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